>O2 > Seven Ways To Motivate

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by Julie Rains

There are two types of leaders: those who believe that you can motivate people, and those who believe that motivation comes from within. I reside firmly in the second camp, so, for me, discussing ways to motivate—and easy ones in particular—may seem odd. But it’s not. When we try to motivate people, what we’re really doing is encouraging people to act on already-present motivation, ideally in a way that furthers the organization’s mission.

How do we do that?
Encourage and applaud great ideas
Be clear about the strategic direction of your organization and the types of ideas that are relevant to your needs. Open and maintain dialogue about critical areas, such as reasons for shifts in consumption patterns and fluctuating attendance at weekly events.
Allow idea-sharing in many ways, both formal and informal. Conduct meetings featuring formal presentations with detailed action plans. In addition, accept pitches via e-mail, and coax brainstorming and idea-polishing through impromptu conversations.
Don’t disparage bad ideas
When people are encouraged to suggest great ideas, it’s inevitable that they will present really bad ones. To create and maintain an environment that supports innovation and creative problem-solving, help them cull through ideas independently.
Again, be clear about company direction, priorities, and needs as a way of vetting ideas. Ask:
  • What will be accomplished by implementing this idea?
  • What is the cost?
  • What groups will you need support from?
  • What alternatives have you tried to date?
  • How will you test the idea?
Give guidance when needed
When starting a new project or assignment, even the most enthusiastic and conscientious employees need to understand your direction. Some may falter at certain points requiring decisions beyond their current capabilities. Others, despite depth of experience and knowledge, may get stuck at a crossroads. To keep moving forward and keep people engaged, clarify results desired, warn about pitfalls and respond to requests on specific issues.
  
Match assignments with talents
Those who are knowledgeable, skillful and experienced in certain disciplines excel with minimal prompting when given assignments in sync with their talents. They show initiative because they know how to launch a project; what questions to ask to define its scope and desired outcomes; what resources to gather; and what experts to consult. They self-manage to completion because they know what objectives to establish, how to evaluate whether they are on the right track and when to announce they are finished.
There may be minor tasks that are part of a project that do not fit inclinations. Reassign these duties or show how to accomplish the mundane before returning to the work that matters.
Expect great performance
Stir passion by expecting people to achieve great results. Envision in a way that indicates excited anticipation, not tyrannical demand. Support expectations through encouragement, deep respect of abilities and understanding of the challenges needed to persevere when tackling a new project, taking on more responsibility, etc.
Give time to handle personal business
Family needs, health issues and any number of personal concerns distract people from acting on their motivation. Truly motivated people concentrate on the tasks at hand rather than obsessing about their private lives. But certain things require attention: life milestones, such as a recent marriage or new baby; crises, such as an accident or death in the family; or ongoing problems, such as chronic disease.
Give appropriate amounts of time away and offer resources to assist with these concerns. Results won’t be immediate; it takes a while to handle repercussions of an accident, for example. But acknowledgment of both happy occasions and difficulties motivate people by letting them know that they can be committed to your project without forsaking personal and family needs.
Show how mundane tasks fit together to achieve great things
Sharing your vision is inspirational…eventually.
I’ve noticed that many people (especially those in new positions) don’t seem very interested in hearing about how day-to-day actions can result in an amazing future. Talking about the big picture elicits confused looks and blank stares. Your employees, volunteers, colleagues, etc. want precise instructions so that they can get things done correctly, and move quickly to more exciting endeavors.

Eventually, though, the vision and the steps needed to achieve goals make sense. When people see clearly how certain actions will take them down the desired paths, they take action and make good decisions without hesitation, on their own, by drawing upon their internal stores of motivation. 

Source: Amex Open Forum

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>O2 > 10 Personality Traits That Ruin Entrepreneurship

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10 Personality Traits That Kill Entrepreneurship

by Alana Horowitz 

Having a great business idea is only half the battle. You also need to be an effective leader. Even some of the most innovative entrepreneurs can be hindered by insecurity or impatience. Below are some red flags to look out for.  But don’t worry if any of them sound like you. If you catch a flaw early on, you can prevent it from doing serious damage.


Self-doubt. Don’t second-guess yourself. If you don’t believe in your business, who will? Worrying is a waste of time and energy.

Anti-social tendencies. Even the best multi-tasker needs a solid team for support. If you don’t like working with people, or have poor intrapersonal skills, your business is unlikely to take off.

Control issues. There’s nothing more detrimental to team spirit than a micromanaging boss. We know you want everything to be perfect, but so do your employees. Have a little faith in them or they might not stick around.

Inflexibility. It’s important for every business to have a plan. But you don’t have to stick to every single detail. New companies stick out for being creative and spontaneous. If something goes wrong, you need to be able to re-evaluate and adapt.

Power. You want to be a strong leader, but sometimes authority can backfire. Researchers say that bosses who are too powerful tend to have less productive teams. Employees feel too intimidated to share ideas or offer input—too much authority fosters an unhealthy business environment. Your employees don’t have to love you, but they shouldn’t be afraid of you.

Lack of focus. Groupon had daily deals. Google had an amazing search engine. Every new business needs a focused mission to succeed. Eventually, you can expand your business (like Google did with mail, maps and more), but a lack of focus in the beginning will doom it. Neither consumers nor investors will get behind a business plan that’s all over the place.

Competitiveness. You want to be the best. You can’t worry about the competition until you’ve proven you are a solid competitor. Entrepreneurs who spend more time worrying about rivals than worrying about their own jobs will hinder development.

Perfectionism. In the beginning, you’re probably going to make mistakes. It’s how you learn. Failure can even be good, when it leads to new ways of thinking. If you obsess over everything that goes wrong, you might miss out on these new ideas.

Close-mindedness. You may think you know everything, but, chances are, you don’t. No matter how sure you are, listen to advice from others. Even if your way ends up being best, you’re a better leader for being open to suggestions.

Impatience. You’re anxious to get your product on the market and you can’t wait for your company to go public. But timing is everything. Don’t force your business to be ready to launch before it is. Give it time to properly develop, or it will crash and burn. The same goes for individual projects. Rushing through a task leaves more room for stupid mistakes.


Source: Amex Open Forum

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>O2 SCIENCE > WHY TIME TRAVEL IS IMPOSSIBLE?

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Big Bang simulated in metamaterial shows time travel is impossible

by Lisa Zyga

   report Big Bang model

In the toy Big Bang model, light rays spread out as a function of time, similar to the expansion of spacetime in a diagram of the real Big Bang. Image credit: Smolyaninov and Hung.
(PhysOrg.com) — By observing the way that light moves inside a metamaterial, researchers have reconstructed how spacetime has expanded since the Big Bang. The results provide a better understanding of why time moves in only one direction, and also suggest that time travel is impossible.

In their study, electrical engineers Igor Smolyaninov and Yu-Ju Hung from the University of Maryland have built a metamaterial by patterning plastic strips on a gold substrate, which they then illuminated with a laser. Because the of electromagnetic spaces (which describe the metamaterial) is similar to the mathematics of (which describe spacetime), the way light moves in the metamaterial is exactly analogous to the path – or “world line” – of a massive particle in (2+1)-dimensional Minkowski spacetime.
As the researchers explained in their study, a Big Bang event occurs in the metamaterial when the pattern of light rays expands relative to the time-like z-dimension. This instance marks the beginning of cosmological time, which moves forward from the Big Bang in the direction of the Universe’s expansion. After the Big Bang event, the light rays expand in a non-perfect way, scattered by random defects in the plastic strips until they reach a high-entropy state. This behavior represents the thermodynamic arrow of time, showing that entropy tends to increase in an isolated system.
The significance of these observations is that the cosmological and the thermodynamic arrows of time coincide, with both of them pointing “forward” (just as we perceive them). While most scientists theorize that the statistical and the cosmological arrows of time are connected in this way, this experiment is one of the few ways in which scientists can “replay the ” and experimentally demonstrate the connection.
The researchers also showed that this novel model of time could provide insight into that involves closed timelike curves (CTCs). CTCs are world lines of particles that form circles so that they return to their starting points.
At first, the researchers thought that, if they could build a metamaterial in which light could move in a circle (and so that its mathematical description were identical to particles moving through spacetime), then they could create CTCs.
But when further analyzing the situation, they found restrictions on how light rays could move in the model. Although certain rays could return to their starting points, they would not perceive the correct timelike dimension. In contrast, rays that do perceive this timelike dimension cannot move in circles. The researchers concluded that Nature seems to resist the creation of CTCs, and that time travel – at least in this model – is impossible.

More information: Igor I. Smolyaninov and Yu-Ju Hung. “Modeling of Time with Metamaterials.” arXiv:1104.0561v1 [physics.optics]

© 2010 PhysOrg.com

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